Cognitive behavioural therapist

Psychotherapists and cognitive behaviour therapists — SOC 2020 2224

Psychotherapists and cognitive behaviour therapists use a variety of therapies in one-on-one or group settings to help people with mental health issues, stress, emotional and relationship problems.

Also calledCBTTalking therapistBehavioural therapistPsychotherapistChild psychotherapistChild and adolescent psychotherapistand 10 more titles
Typical full-time pay£48,0002025 Provisional
People in the job53,000across the UK
Demand for workersElevated
New adverts a month239↓ 21%on last year · 332nd of 412

Pay

ONS · ASHE 2025
What full-time cognitive behavioural therapists earn, 2025
Spread of full-time pay for cognitive behavioural therapists
£48,000 typicaln/ptop 10%
n/p: top 10% not published by ONS
Show as table
Lowest 10% earn less thanNot published
Lowest 20% earn less thanNot published
25%Not published
Median£48,000
75%Not published
Top 20% earn more thanNot published
Top 10% earn more thanNot published
More than half (53%) of cognitive behavioural therapists work for themselves. These pay figures only cover employees, so they may not reflect what self-employed cognitive behavioural therapists earn.
Typical pay by regionUK median £48,000
Typical full-time pay for cognitive behavioural therapists by region
East of England!£39,100
North EastNot published by ONS–
North WestNot published by ONS–
Yorkshire and The HumberNot published by ONS–
East MidlandsNot published by ONS–
West MidlandsNot published by ONS–
LondonNot published by ONS–
South EastNot published by ONS–
South WestNot published by ONS–
ScotlandNot published by ONS–
WalesNot published by ONS–
!Small sample: treat with caution
Show as table
UK median, £48,000
East of England£39,100 (small sample)
North EastNot published by ONS
North WestNot published by ONS
Yorkshire and The HumberNot published by ONS
East MidlandsNot published by ONS
West MidlandsNot published by ONS
LondonNot published by ONS
South EastNot published by ONS
South WestNot published by ONS
ScotlandNot published by ONS
WalesNot published by ONS
Typical pay over 3 years
  • 2023 £40,700
  • 2024 £45,900
  • 2025 Provisional£48,000
↑ 18% since 2023Provisional figures are revised when ONS publishes the next year’s survey.

Jobs and demand

ONS · Textkernel adverts · DfE

About 239 jobs for cognitive behavioural therapists are advertised each month. The Department for Education rates demand for workers as elevated.

New job adverts a month, Jan 2017 to Aug 2026
New online job adverts for cognitive behavioural therapists each month
New advertsMonth not published by ONS (2 in all)
Show as table
Aug 2026290
Jul 2026224
Jun 2026Not published
May 2026222
Apr 2026221
Mar 2026Not published
Feb 2026233
Jan 2026242
Dec 2025139
Nov 2025272
Oct 2025291
Sept 2025255
Aug 2025248
Jul 2025264
Jun 2025330
May 2025287
Apr 2025300
Mar 2025293
Feb 2025270
Jan 2025343
Dec 2024340
Nov 2024287
Oct 2024346
Sept 2024331
Aug 2024345
Jul 2024398
Jun 2024385
May 2024420
Apr 2024340
Mar 2024302
Feb 2024377
Jan 2024397
Dec 2023409
Nov 2023455
Oct 2023396
Sept 2023381
Aug 2023419
Jul 2023489
Jun 2023613
May 2023485
Apr 2023433
Mar 2023524
Feb 2023570
Jan 2023555
Dec 2022532
Nov 2022680
Oct 2022669
Sept 2022594
Aug 2022570
Jul 2022576
Jun 2022523
May 2022579
Apr 2022451
Mar 2022576
Feb 2022455
Jan 2022447
Dec 2021431
Nov 2021523
Oct 2021536
Sept 2021440
Aug 2021460
Jul 2021581
Jun 2021426
May 2021403
Apr 2021388
Mar 2021483
Feb 2021428
Jan 2021434
Dec 2020403
Nov 2020330
Oct 2020474
Sept 2020354
Aug 2020335
Jul 2020318
Jun 2020343
May 2020273
Apr 2020226
Mar 2020304
Feb 2020365
Jan 2020339
Dec 2019263
Nov 2019361
Oct 2019312
Sept 2019274
Aug 2019289
Jul 2019341
Jun 2019274
May 2019368
Apr 2019216
Mar 2019289
Feb 2019243
Jan 2019259
Dec 2018132
Nov 2018223
Oct 2018236
Sept 2018248
Aug 2018184
Jul 2018231
Jun 2018217
May 2018171
Apr 2018183
Mar 2018194
Feb 2018221
Jan 2018196
Dec 2017153
Nov 2017188
Oct 2017204
Sept 2017196
Aug 2017175
Jul 2017170
Jun 2017191
May 2017228
Apr 2017252
Mar 2017246
Feb 2017169
Jan 2017217
Is there a shortage of cognitive behavioural therapists?
Elevated

The Department for Education rates demand as not high, elevated or critical, using five indicators. This is its 2025 assessment; in 2024 it was not high.

  • Visas grantedUsual
  • Online job advertsUsual
  • Wage growthWell above usual
  • Pay against similar jobsUsual
  • Hours workedAbove usual
Note: uncertain in multiple indicators: change in hours worked, hours and earnings due to proportion of self employed workers.
Vacancies hard to fill because of skills
31%against 27% for all jobs
Broader groupFigure for health professionals, which includes cognitive behavioural therapists. DfE Employer Skills Survey 2024.
Where the most jobs are advertisedadverts a quarter
Local areas with the most adverts for cognitive behavioural therapists
London is published as one area. Averages leave out quarters ONS withheld.
Where cognitive behavioural therapists are most concentratedShare of local job adverts, compared with the UK.

Recruitment from abroad. Fewer than 10 sponsored work visas were granted for this job from July 2025 to June 2026. Home Office

Who does it

ONS · Annual Population Survey · April 2025 to March 2026
Age of cognitive behavioural therapists
Age profile of cognitive behavioural therapists
n/p
17%!
30%!
21%!
21%!
!Small sample: treat with cautionn/p: too few in the survey to publish
Show as table
25–34Not published
35–4417% (small sample)
45–5430% (small sample)
55–6421% (small sample)
65+21% (small sample)
Highest qualification
Highest qualification held by cognitive behavioural therapists
Degree or equivalent90%
Higher education below degree!4.3%
A levels or equivalent–
Not published
GCSEs or equivalent!1.5%
Other qualifications–
Not published
No qualifications–
Not published
!Small sample: treat with caution
Show as table
Degree or equivalent90%
Higher education below degree4.3% (small sample)
A levels or equivalentNot published
GCSEs or equivalent1.5% (small sample)
Other qualificationsNot published
No qualificationsNot published

Main employers: other human health activities (44%), hospital activities (24%), specialist medical practice activities (18%), other social work activities without accommodation nec (3.5%).

How to get in

Hold a degree
90%
as their highest qualification
Apprenticeships
1
from level 7, a degree apprenticeship
Apprenticeships take
2 years
typically
Self-employed
53%
of people in the job

Routes in

Cognitive behavioural therapist

You can get into this job through a university course or by applying directly.

University

You'll usually study for an accredited postgraduate qualification in cognitive behavioural therapy.

You'll need a first degree related to health and social care to apply for a postgraduate course and experience of working in mental health.

Relevant degree subjects include:

  • mental health nursing
  • social work
  • counselling
  • art therapy
  • psychology

You may be able to get onto a postgraduate course without a degree, if you can demonstrate the knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSAs) required by the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies (BABCP).

You'll need at least 4 years' experience of working in mental health or a similar field to apply for the KSA route.

Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • a related degree or several years' relevant experience

Volunteering

You'll find it helpful to get experience of working in mental health.

You could:

  • volunteer with a mental health charity like Mind, Rethink Mental Illness or Turning Point
  • find opportunities through The National Council for Voluntary Organisations (NCVO) and Do it
  • volunteer in the NHS

Apply directly

If you're already a qualified healthcare professional, like a psychological wellbeing practitioner or high intensity therapist, you may be able to apply for cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) training with the NHS.

Check NHS Jobs for trainee vacancies.

What you’ll need

  • pass enhanced background checks

Registration and professional bodies

Career tips

You can work with people living with a range of conditions, such as:

  • anxiety issues
  • depression
  • post-traumatic stress disorder
  • long-term illness
  • eating disorders
Professional and industry bodies

You can join the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies (BABCP) for professional accreditation and training opportunities.

Further information

You can find out more about a career as a cognitive behavioural therapist from the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies (BABCP) and Health Careers.

You can also explore other careers in the psychological professions.

Routes in are from the National Careers Service job profile for cognitive behavioural therapist. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Psychotherapist

You can get into this job through:

University

To become a psychotherapist, you'll need to:

  • study for a degree such as psychology, nursing, medicine or social work
  • do an accredited postgraduate qualification
  • complete 450 hours of practice

Your postgraduate course should be recognised by one of the following:

  • UK Council for Psychotherapy
  • British Psychoanalytic Council
  • British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy
  • Association of Child Psychotherapists (APC)
  • National Counselling and Psychotherapy Society

Training can take between 3 and 4 years to complete.

To become a child psychotherapist, you will need to complete 4 years of training with the APC.

You'll also need experience of working with children or vulnerable adults.

Some courses may expect you to go into therapy yourself during your training. This is to help you deal with any issues that may affect you as a therapist, as well as to experience therapy from a client's point of view.

Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • 2 to 3 A levels, or equivalent, for a degree
  • a degree in a relevant subject for postgraduate study

College

You could start by doing a Level 3 or 4 Diploma in Counselling before moving onto further training at degree and postgraduate level.

You'll be encouraged to take an introductory course to start, to make sure that this is a career for you.

Some colleges have a minimum age limit to start this type of course. They may also expect you to have had experience of working with vulnerable people.

Entry requirements

Entry requirements for these courses vary.

What you’ll need

  • pass enhanced background checks

Registration and professional bodies

Career tips

Training in psychotherapy is personally and emotionally challenging. It can also be costly and takes a lot of time and dedication. It's important to think about how it will impact your life before committing to a course.

Further information

You can find out more about careers in psychotherapy from Health Careers and the UK Council for Psychotherapy.

You can also explore other careers in the psychological professions.

Routes in are from the National Careers Service job profile for psychotherapist. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Apprenticeships

1 for this job
Level 7About 2 yearsDegree

Family and systemic psychotherapist

You gain
MSc in Systemic Family Therapy accredited by the Association of Family Therapy and…
Leads to
Association for Family Therapy and Systemic Practice (AFT)
Employers may ask for
The Association for Family Therapy and Systemic Practice (AFT) is an organisational member of United Kingdom Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP) and recommends…
Details on Skills England

© Skills England 2025. This information is licensed under the Open Government Licence https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

The work

ONS · ESCO · O*NET

Typical tasks

  • assesses and provides treatment for people suffering with mental illness, stress, and emotional and relationship problems
  • talks with patients about their emotions, relationships and personal history
  • analyses events, behaviour, and habits to understand their mode of thinking and feelings
  • helps people come up with new ways to cope with their problems and to change their ways of thinking

Skills

  • analyse legal evidence
  • assess character
  • comply with legal regulations
  • comply with legislation related to health care
  • conduct psychological assessement
  • conduct research interview
  • counsel clients
  • document interviews
  • ensure safety of healthcare users
  • follow clinical guidelines
  • identify mental health issues
  • interact with healthcare users
  • interpret psychological tests
  • listen actively

Knowledge

  • psychology
  • behavioural disorders
  • client-centred counselling
  • consultation
  • counselling methods
  • forensic intelligence
  • health care occupation-specific ethics
  • psychological counselling methods

Suits people who like

  • Working with ideas and solving problems
  • Helping and caring for people

Outlook

DfE · Skills Imperative 2035
Broader groupThese projections are for health professionals, a group of 24 jobs that includes cognitive behavioural therapists.
Change in jobs, 2020 to 2035↑ 19%about 310,000 more jobs
Workers needed by 20351.3 millionincluding people replacing those who retire or leave

Sources

Pay
ONS, Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, 2025 provisional
People in the job, who does it
ONS, Annual Population Survey, April 2025 to March 2026
Job adverts
ONS, online job adverts (Textkernel), to Aug 2026
Demand, skill shortages
Department for Education and Skills England, Occupations in demand and the Employer Skills Survey
Outlook
The Skills Imperative 2035 (2024), NFER/Nuffield/DfE/IER/CE
Routes in
National Careers Service job profiles
Apprenticeships, qualifications
Skills England occupational maps
Skills, interests
ESCO classification of the European Commission; O*NET data, U.S. Department of Labor (CC BY 4.0, modified)
Visas
Home Office, immigration system statistics

Figures as of 10 October 2026.

Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: Office for National Statistics licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Occupations in demand and the Employer Skills Survey: Department for Education and Skills England. Immigration system statistics: Home Office. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

© Skills England 2025. This information is licensed under the Open Government Licence https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Source: The Skills Imperative 2035 (2024), NFER/Nuffield/DfE/IER/CE.

This service uses the ESCO classification of the European Commission.

This service includes information from the O*NET 31.0 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. This service has modified all or some of this information. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications. CC BY 4.0 licence.

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